大气污染物排放总量控制A－P值法及其应用

大气污染物排放总量控制A-P值法,是一种十分简便,有利于行政管理的方法。用A-P值法能迅速估算出给定控制地区的污染物允许排放总量,并能对点源进行具体控制,把A-P值法应用于广东某新兴城市的大气环境规划研究表明,A-P值法的应用效果是较理想的。     

水体中总有机卤化物的测定

研究一种测定水体中有冲有机卤化物（ＴＯＸ）含量的方法,分别通过气提和乙醚萃取并使用高温热解分光光度法测定挥发性有机卤（ＰＯＸ）和非挥发有机卤（ＮＰＯＸ）,方法检测限为１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,变异系数〈３％,测得１０种不同类型的模拟化合物的平均回收率为８１％,自来水测定结果ＴＯＸ为２１７－４８３μｇ／Ｌ。     

北京市夏季城近郊区大气醛类含量及分布规律探讨

在1986和1987年夏,对北京市城郊几个测点进行了大气甲醛和总醛的采样分析.用酚试剂法测总醛,乙酰丙酮法测甲醛。1986和1987二年大气总醛浓度平均值分别为18.5和9.9μg/m~3;1987年夏大气甲醛浓度平均值为4.4μg/m~3.甲醛约占总醛的50％.甲醛和总醛浓度的日变化呈双峰形,其浓度的高低与机动车密度,气象条件等关系密切.北京大气醛类化合物浓度水平是一次污染与二次污染的叠加结果。     

Maternal energy expenditure does not change with flight costs or food availability in the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca): costs and benefits for nestlings

We manipulated parental work load without changing brood size in a population of pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca by removing two primaries (7 and 9) from each wing of females, thus reducing wing area and increasing flight costs. At other nests, we offered supplementary food in the form of live mealworms (10–20 g daily from hatching) to reduce brood demand and thus parental foraging costs. Other nests were left as controls. The daily energy expenditure of females feeding 12-day-old nestlings was measured with doubly labelled water D₂ ¹⁸O. Females in both treatments expended the same amount of energy, fed at the same rate and had similar body masses to birds in the control group. No effect of treatment on male mass and feeding effort was detected. More nestlings, however, died in nests of handicapped females. Nestlings of handicapped females had significantly lower body mass and haematocrit values than nestlings in food-supplemented nests, with nestlings in control nests occupying an intermediate position. The effects of both treatments on nestling mass, haematocrit values and mortality rates were only noticeable in nests infested with mites. Maternal energy expenditure is apparently constrained and offspring pay the costs imposed by reduced provisioning rate or increased demand caused by ectoparasites, while receiving benefits when food supply improves. The presumption that avian reproductive costs derive from changes in a flexible energy output may not be met in many cases. Received: 24 October 1998 / Received in revised form: 15 March 1999 / Accepted: 26 April 1999     

抓住机遇创新开拓打好天津市环境保护“一控双达标”攻坚战

本文全面回顾了１９９８年天津市环境保护工作,分析了当前形势以及进一步做好工作应把握的几个问题。围绕抓住机遇,打好天津市环境保护“一控双达标”攻坚战,提出了１９９９年的工作目标任务及具体措施。     

泉州市规划区大气污染物总量控制及分配

合理的污染排放总量控制及分配是保证城市发展和环境保护和相协调的重要条件。ＣＯＺＥＥ－中国沿海环境保护增强工作以泉州市为试点开展ＩＥＭＰ示范项目,通过将国外先进经验,计算方法与当地实际相结合,制定出泉州市规划区大气污染物总量控制及分配方案,本文介绍ＩＥＭＰ项目大气污染总量控制,分配的基本思路及方法,这对我国沿海经济快速发展地区的总量控制具有一定的借鉴作用。     

工业固体废物容量总量控制的研究

针对工业固体废物如何进行容量总量控制的问题,在研究工业固体废物中有毒有害物质污染迁移转化规律的基础上,提出了相对工业固体废物中有毒有害物质进入大气、地表水体、地下水和在生物体内积累的相对容量总量控制概念,并探讨了城市或区域工业固体废物容量总量控制的确定方法     

湖泊水库水体氮、磷允许纳污量定量研究

在充分考虑湖库水体污染物实际自净能力、并分析其出流污染物浓度分布规律的基础上,根据风险分析理论和Monte Carlo模拟方法,提出了湖库水体氮、磷允许纳污量计算方法,指出:在满足湖库水体污染物浓度达标率90%以上的条件下,所对应的水体污染物降解量才是湖泊水库水体氮、磷允许纳污量.通过实际算例对水库总氮、总磷允许纳污量的计算,说明了所提出的计算方法的适用性.     

辽东湾沿岸贝类和环境中的粪大肠菌和细菌总数

对辽东湾沿岸海域几种主要经济贝类体内及其生存环境中的粪大肠菌群和细菌总数进行了调查与研究。结果表明,贝类中粪大肠菌群超标率为53.8%;表层海水中超标率为46.2%;表层沉积物中超标率为12.5%。各种样品中细菌总数的检出结果也表明,该沿岸海域环境和贝类受到了一定的有机污染影响。     

Potential health hazard of drinking water in restaurants and tea stalls

Potable and equitable drinking water (DW) is a fundamental human right and essential for human health. This study is conducted to assess the groundwater and jar water quality of the roadside restaurants and tea stalls used for drinking by the local people around the Gazipur City area in Bangladesh. Water samples from 173 restaurants and tea stalls are collected. The physico-chemical and biological parameters are analyzed according to the guidelines and standards. The results illustrate that the color, EC, and Mn of 41%, 80%, and 62% of the samples, respectively, exceed the WHO and Environmental Conservation Rules (ECR) standards. In addition, E. coli and total coliform exceeding the threshold standards are found in 47% and 64% of the water samples, respectively. The contamination of DW by fecal coliforms is confirmed and supported by prior studies, which indicates that the DW supplied in restaurants and tea stalls are unsafe because of the possible presence of pathogens. These may cause potential health hazards to consumers from various water-borne diseases. Poor sanitation, unhygienic practices, and improper disposal of wastewater are responsible for the microbial contamination of DW. So, the authorities in charge of these places should take the right regulatory steps, such as regular sanitation inspections, DW quality monitoring, hand-washing practices, and better sanitation in these places.